Los fabricantes de pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) en la Unión Europea a menudo tienen dudas sobre sus obligaciones bajo la Regulación de Deforestación de la UE (EUDR). Aquí tienes una guía sencilla para aclarar:

¿Cuáles son sus responsabilidades como fabricante de PYMES?

Si eres un fabricante de PYMES en la UE y estás colocando productos como muebles en el mercado de la UE por primera vez, eres considerado un operador según la EUDR. Pero no estás obligado a presentar una Declaración de Diligencia Debida en el Sistema de Información de la UE.

Aun así, debes:

- Recopilar Números de Referencia de tus proveedores (a menos que estés importando materiales desde fuera de la UE; consulta más abajo).

- Proporcionar los Números de Referencia a las autoridades cuando lo soliciten.

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¿Qué pasa con sus materias primas?

Si compras materias primas como MDF o madera de pino, es probable que ya estén en el mercado de la UE. Esto significa que:

- Otra empresa en la cadena de suministro ya ha realizado la diligencia debida y registrado los datos de geolocalización en el Portal de la UE.

- Tu proveedor te proporcionará los Números de Referencia EUDR para estos materiales.

- Como PYME, no estás obligado a verificar la validez de estos Números de Referencia.

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¿Qué pasa si importas materias primas de países no pertenecientes a la UE?

Si importas materiales directamente de países fuera de la UE, tu rol cambia. En este caso, debes generar un Número de Referencia tú mismo:

- Debes realizar el proceso completo de Diligencia Debida, incluyendo la provisión de datos de geolocalización.

- Eres responsable de presentar la Declaración de Diligencia Debida para estas importaciones y de generar nuevos Números de Referencia.

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Conclusiones clave:

- Al fabricar y colocar un producto en el mercado de la UE por primera vez: Como PYME, recopila y transmite los Números de Referencia.

- Al usar materias primas ya disponibles en el mercado de la UE: Utiliza los Números de Referencia proporcionados por tus proveedores.

- Al importar materias primas desde fuera de la UE: Realiza la diligencia debida tú mismo y genera tus propios Números de Referencia.

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Marcos legales:

FAQs, 2.10: A distinction has to be made between the person in the supply chain which imports or domestically places a relevant product on the EU market and persons further down the supply chain: If a person places on the EU market a relevant product manufactured or produced in the EU, it is thereby supplying the product on the market for the first time. A supply presupposes an agreement (written or verbal) between two or more legal or natural persons for the transfer of ownership or any other property right concerning the product in question; it requires that the product has been manufactured or that the commodity, if placed on the market without manufacturing, has been produced (see Art. 2(14) EUDR). Such an activity is relevant under the EUDR, no matter if the relevant product is placed on the market for a) the purpose of processing, b) distribution to commercial or non-commercial consumers or c) use in the business of the operator itself (see Art. 2(19) EUDR). The company is an operator and needs to exercise due diligence and submit a DDS.

FAQs, 3.5.: What are the obligations of SME operators further down the supply chain? (NEW) Operators further down the supply chain are those who either transform a product listed in Annex I (which has already been subjected to due diligence) into another product listed in Annex I or export a product listed in Annex I (which has already been subjected to due diligence). SME operators further down the supply chain retain legal responsibility in the event of a breach of the Regulation. However, in respect of parts of their products that have been subject to a due diligence, they are neither required to a) exercise due diligence for parts of their products that were already subject of due diligence exercise; nor to b) submit a due diligence statement in the Information System (Art. 4(8) EUDR). But they still have to provide due diligence reference numbers obtained from previous steps in the supply chain upon request of the competent authorities. For parts of relevant products that have not been subject to due diligence, SME operators should exercise due diligence in full and submit a due diligence statement.

EUDR, Art 4.8: By way of derogation from paragraph 1 of this Article, operators that are SMEs (‘SME operators’) shall not be required to exercise due diligence for relevant products contained in or made from relevant products that have already been subject to due diligence in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article and for which a due diligence statement has already been submitted in accordance with Article 33. In such cases, SME operators shall provide the competent authorities with the reference number of the due diligence statement upon request. For parts of relevant products that have not been subject to due diligence, the SME operators shall exercise due diligence in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article.

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Enlaces útiles:

Reglamento de deforestación de la UE

Comisión Europea - Orientación

Comisión Europea - Preguntas frecuentes

Comisión Europea - Portal EUDR/DDS

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